Delivered Dose Uniformity (DDU)

The DDU is the total mass of drug emitted from the inhaler and hence available to the patient. Testing for uniformity ensures that the patient will receive the correct quoted amount be it from a single or multi-dose inhalers for the lifetime of the device.

Determining the DDU for DPIs is critical in understanding the safety, quality and efficacy of the product. Our full range of apparatus provides everything you need to test the DDU as per the regulatory requirements.

Nebulisers convert liquids into a cloud of droplets suitable for respiration. Conventional nebulisers are widely used in both hospital and home. Their main advantage is that unlike other devices, they require little or no coordination on the part of the patient in order to use them.

Both MDIs and DPIs suffer from the same two inherent problems: low lung deposits (typically 5-20%) and dose variability (often due to patient difficulties in coordination or inspiration).

Recent developments in nasal delivery systems has resulted in greater focus on different uses for drug delivery. Previously the typical nasal preparations were used for the local administration of anti-histamines, decongestants and steroids. Now however the spotlight has moved, focusing on absorption into the systemic circulation and central nervous system.